v Sub division of plants;
·
Difference
b/w Flowering plants and Non-flowering plants
v Salient features of
following non-flowering plants;
1)
Algae
·
Habitat
·
Life
style
·
Structure
·
Mode
of nutrition
·
Classification
·
Examples
·
Importance
v Fungi ;
·
Structure
Ø Hyphae
Ø Mycelium
·
Mode
of nutrition
Ø Heterotrophs
Ø Parasites
Ø Saprotrophs
·
Examples
·
Importance
Ø Advantages
Ø Disadvantages
·
Mushrooms
v Mosses ;
·
Habitat
·
Life
style
·
Root,
stem & leaves
·
Vascular
tissues
v Ferns ;-
· Habitat
· Roots, stem & leaves
· Flowers, fruits, &seeds
· Vascular tissues(xylem+phloem)
· Examples
v Conifers;-
· Habitat
· Evergreen plants
· Roots , stem ,
· Leaves
· Seed
· Vascular tissues
· Examples
v Salient features of
Flowering plants;
· Definition
· Fruits & seeds
· Classification
· Types difference b/w MONOCOTS &
DOCOTS
· Importance
1.
Source
of food
2.
Source
of perfumes
3.
Source
of wood
4.
Source
of beauty
v Identification of
plants with the help of key;-
· Key
· Plant key
o
Subdivision of plants;-
Plants
are classified into following TWO major groups;-
1. Flowering
plants
2. Non-flowering
plants
· Difference b/w flowering plants
& non-flowering plants
Ø Flowering plants;-
These
are vascular plants that produce flowers.
Examples;-
1. Pea
2. Rose
3. Sarson
Ø Non-flowering plants;
They
do not produce flowers.
Examples;
1.
Algae
2.
Fungi
3.
Mosses
4.
Ferns
5.
Conifers
o
Salient
features of NON-FLOWERING plants;
· Algae ;
They
are the simplest group of plant kingdom.
Ø Habitat ;
They
are found in fresh water & sea.
Ø Life style;
Algae either;
1. Float
in water
2. Attached
to stones
Ø Structure ;
1. They
are both UNICELLULAR & MULTICELLULAR.
2. Some
multicellular algae are in the form of filaments.
3. Cells
of algae contain NULEUS & other structures.
4. They
contain CHLOROPHYLL.
Ø Mode of nutrition;
Autotrophs;-
Due
to presence of chlorophyll , they manufacture their own food through
photosynthesis ,that is why they are called “AUTOTROPHS”.
Ø Classification;
On
the basis of structural COLOUR & DIFEERENCES algae are classified as
following;
1. Green
algae
2. Brown
algae
3. Golden
algae
4. Red
algae
Ø Examples;
1) Chlamydomonas
2) Spirogyra
Ø Importance;
They
are source of OXYGEN & food for aquatic animals. In this way they have the
basic position in FOOD CHAIN.
· Fungi;
Ø Structure;
v Hyphae ;
Fungi
are composed of numerous threads like structures called hyphae.
v Mycelium;
Hyphae are in the form
of groups called mycelium.
Ø Mode of nutrition;
1. Heterotrophs;
they
lack chlorophyll, so they cannot manufacture their own food but get prepared
food, hence are called heterotrophs.
2. Parasites;
some
are parasites & obtain their food from other living organisms.
3. Saprotrophs;
Majority
of them are Saprotrophs i.e. they obtain their nutrition from decaying bodies
of plants & animals.
Ø Examples ;
Rhizopus,
mushrooms
Ø Importance;
v ADVANTAGES;
1. Source of food; many
fungi i.e. mushrooms are used as food, by man.
2. Decomposition;
fungi i.e. bacteria act as decomposers.
§ Decomposers;
“Organisms
that decompose dead organic matter i.e. they convert complex compounds into
simple ones are called decomposers.”
3. Source of Antibiotics;
§ Penicillin is
obtained from the FUNGUS “penicillium”.
v DISADVANTAGES;
Fungi
cause following diseases in plants, & human beings;
1. In plants;
§ Rust
§ Smut
Diseases
of WHEAT, MAIZE, RICE & SUGARCANE.
2. In humans;
§ Athlete’s
foot
§ Ringworm
· Mushrooms;
~HABITAT;
During
rainy season umbrella like mushrooms appear on dumps of debris and heaps of
dung.
~There
are various kinds of mushrooms.
~COMPOSITION;
They
are rich in PROTEINS. Some of them are
fatal and poisonous & cause death.
· Mosses ;
Ø Habitat;
They
are found in cold, moist & shady places.
Ø Life style;
§ They
live both in WATER & on LAND.
§ Early
developmental stages are passes in water and rest of life as an adult stage
live on land.
Ø Roots, stem, & leaves ;
They lack root, stem & leaves BUT root, stem & leaf like structures are
present.
Ø Vascular tissues;(xylem &
phloem)
Vascular
tissues are absent.
Ø Examples ;
§ Funeria
§ Polytricum
· Ferns ;-
Ø Habitat ;-
They
are adapted to live in cold, shady & humid places.
Ø Roots, stems, & leaves;
They
have well developed roots, stems, & leaves.
Ø Flowers, fruits, & seeds;-
They
do not produce flowers, fruits, & seeds.
Ø Vascular tissues;-
They
are present.
1. Xylem tissue for
conduction of WATER.
2. Phloem tissue for
transpiration of food.
Ø Examples;-
§ Dryopteris
§ Adiantum
§ Pteris
· Conifers:-
Ø Habitat ;-
They
are found in colder & hilly areas i.e.
§ Muree
§ Kaghan
§ Swat
§ Gilgit
Ø Evergreen plants;-
They
remain green throughout the year hence called evergreen plants.
Ø Roots, stem;-
They
have prominent roots & stem.
Ø Leaves;-
The
leaves are long, narrow, & needle like.
Ø Vascular tissues;-
Xylem
& phloem are present in conifers.
Ø Examples;-
§ Deodar
(cedar)
§ Pines
(chir & chalgoza)
§ Thuja
(moor pankh)
§ Saroo
§ Juniper
(sanober)
· Salient features of flowering
plants;-
Ø Definition;-
“These are
vascular plants & have flowers.
Ø Habitat ;-
These
are found in plains.
Ø Fruits & seeds;-
They
produce fruits & seeds.
Ø Classification ;-
They
are classified into following groups;-
§ Herbs
§ Shrubs
§ Trees
Ø Types ;-
They
are divided into following TWO groups on the basis of the NO. OF COTYLEDONS in
the seed.
1. Monocots
or monocotyledons
2. Dicots
or dicotyledons
Ø Difference b/w MONOCOTS &
DICOTS;-
MONOCOTS
1.Those plants
which have one cotyledon in the
seed.
2.
Their leaves are long & have
parallel veins.
3.examples;-
Wheat,
maize, rice, sugarcane, grass
|
DICOTS
1.Those
plants which have two cotyledons
in their seed.
2.
Their leaves are usually broad,
&have branched veins forming a network.
3.examples;-
Pea,
rose, sunflower, sarson, apple, mango, orange etc.
|
Ø Importance;-
1. Source of food:
§ Cereals;-
Wheat,
maize, rice, etc. are used as food.
§ Vegetables;-
No comments:
Post a Comment